A Love Story in E.M Forster’sA Room with a View - 1352 Words

E.M Forster’s, A Room with a view, focuses on the love story and development of Lucy Honeychurch who is torn between the expectations of the world in which she moves and the passionate yearning of her heart. Although, A Room with a View largely explores the idea of deciding between true love and meeting the expectations of behaviour and beliefs of the society, the novel also follows Lucy’s coming of age. The conflict between social convention and true love is shown through the comparison of Lucys love for George which is completely unacceptable according to social standards and her match with Cecil which is far more conventional. On the other hand, the novel also focuses on the development of Lucy and and how she matures into a young women with the help of Mr. Emerson, and George. Hence, while choosing between true love and social etiquette is the central focus of the novel, Lucy’s coming of age is also an important theme in the book. Throughout the novel, Forster emphasises on the social mores of the british society placed upon Lucy of having a socially acceptable marriage with Cecil in comparison to her unconventional marriage with George. Lucy decides to marry Cecil at first, to please the society and her family especially her mother Mrs. Honeychurch who values the prevailing social definitions of respectability as Foster display her contentment through her likeness of Cecil marrying her daughter because of his considerable social connections. She enumerates Cecils

Creativity And The Creative Thinking - 1748 Words

CREATIVITY â€Å"Seeing what everyone else has seen And Thinking what no one else has thought† -Einstein and Feynman INTRODUCTION â€Å"Creative thinking brings about new things – innovations .........Creative people are those who produce such innovations and the creative process consist of the psychological processes involved in bringing about innovations† (Weisberg, 2006.) Creativity/creative thinking is a quality that every executive/manager should possess. However, creativity is not just a quality that any creative person possesses or is not just a concept which can be developed by research. Creativity is innate but not everyone is blessed with it. As a matter of fact creativity is developed by need for it and those experiences leading to generate creative ideas by means of getting involved into those situations or problems that require you to be creative. The following words by a great innovator of the last century ,Isadora Duncan(1930) who developed great dancing styles merely based on everyday activities of running, moving, skipping and rightly so said- â€Å"I wonder how many adults realise that by the so-called education they are giving their children, they are only driving them into the commonplace and depriving them of any chance of doing anything beautiful or original† (Bruce 2011) Any problem eitherShow MoreRelatedCreative Thinking : Creativity And Innovation Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pages Change, creativity and innovation are essential elements for survival and growth of an organization. Creativity is vital for the birth of fresh and beneficial ideas. Creative thinking allows groups and individuals to solve problems or stimulate to think differently in order to bring forth fruitful ideas. The above mentioned creative thinking enabled our team of six different personalities to come together and implement a plan to solve a complex problem in a hospital. Our assigned task was to recommendRead MoreThe Torrance Test Of Creative Thinking1044 Words   |  5 PagesTorrance Test of Creative Thinking The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking was named after its creator, Dr. E Paul Torrance. He is also known as the â€Å"Father of Creativity†. Dr. Paul E. Torrance was an internationally recognized leader in the research of creativity, and was extremely well known for his development of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking. The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, also known as the TTCT was originally created in 1966. The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking has been reformedRead MoreThe Process of Creativity926 Words   |  4 Pages Creativity is turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. It is the process of seeing the world in new ways, to find hidden patterns. Creativity involves two processes: thinking, then producing. If you have ideas, but you don’t act on them, you are imaginative but not creative. It is important to define creativity because it can mean in a lot of different ways to different people. â€Å"Creativity is knowing how to hide your sources† ― Albert Einstein INNOVATION Innovation is the application ofRead MoreCreativity Is Important For Our Future1227 Words   |  5 PagesCreativity is no longer being looked upon as simply a thing that ‘right-brained’ people hold. It is seen as a driving force that is needed in America so the society as a whole can prosper and the country can continue to compete globally on the economic level. While participants in the debate about creativity in education agree about the notion that creativity is vital to future societal growth, they disagree about in what ways creativity is important, how creativity should be introduced in collegeRead MoreCreativity Is An Innate And Universal Human Attribute972 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand creativity we need a starting point, and a logical starting point would be a definition: what is creativity? But in our field of study there is no single, agreed-upon definition of creativity. There are good definitions and popular definitions but none that is universally accep ted. People come to the study of creativity from many other fields, and there are as many definitions of creativity as there are points of view. Seeing from multiple points of view is a creative thinking techniqueRead MoreTaking a Look at Creativity824 Words   |  3 PagesCreativity is the ability to produce work which is both original and unexpected design .Creativity is a wide scope which is important at both individual and societal level for a wide range of task domain at an individual level of creativity which is relevant to our idea. When you are solving your problem on particular job in your daily life activities, with your creativity idea can lead you to new finding movement to innovate the job you want to create. One of the most important aspects of creativityRead MoreThe Importance Of Discovering The Talent For Children1124 Words   |  5 Pagestalent or creative the creative side. Art, music and dance are some common forms of creativity; however creative thought appears in almost all aspects of life. This research paper is written on how important creativity is and why is should be nurtured. I also included infor mation on how creativity is valuable in the classroom, at home and also how it’s beneficial in the child’s future. Included are some ways we has teachers and parents can encourage or help improve a child’s creativity and what someRead MoreIntelligence Is The Mental Potential983 Words   |  4 PagesCreativity and Intelligence, they couldn’t be any more different from each other. But maybe, just maybe could they be related in a sense? Or what does one have to do with the other? That’s what I always wondered when it came to both. In class we learned that they do met at a certain point, but after that no such connection happens between them. Creativity is the ability to produce new and valuable ideas; while Intelligence is the mental potential to learn from experiences, solve problems, and useRead MoreEssay on Cypop 7 Childrens and Young Peoples S Workforce Level 3830 Words   |  4 Pages7 – Promote creativity and creative learning in young Children CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the children and young people’s workforce – Jacqueline Monks Analyse the differences between creative learning and creativity. Creative learning is about how children are actively involved in their own learning, where they are given the opportunity to make choices and decisions which develops their problem solving skills and imaginative thinking.   It can be achieved through providing a creative environmentRead MoreTok Essay: Critical and Creative Thinking1599 Words   |  7 PagesKnowledge 3 May 2012 TOK Essay Response: Critical and Creative Thinking Since the dawn of humanity, man has sought to gain further insight on life through attaining knowledge. Knowledge can be defined as any information gained through personal experience. The means of obtaining knowledge include four main branches: reason, perception, language, and emotion. Despite the means, all knowledge is formulated through the process of thinking. Thinking refers to the use of the mind to gain understanding

Evidence Based Acute Care Nursing

Question: Would Poster presentation demonstrate clear alignment to intent of poster abstract. Demonstrate strong and succinct expansion of main points of poster abstract within presentation. Poster demonstrates an astutely applied and comprehensive knowledge of the topic/project. Can accurately and comprehensively respond to all questions thus demonstration a high level knowledge of the poster topic/project. Content and depth of presentation/poster demonstrates strong ability to educate and inform the professional development of intended audience. Outstanding logical presentation of the topic/project with clear consideration given to intended audience in regards to poster layout and presentation. Demonstrate a high degree of creativity in poster layout. No spelling, punctuation or grammatical errors Answer: Introduction: Evidence based acute care practice is a nothing but the way of utilizing available evidence at best level or we can say knowledge about the needs of individual patients and accomplishing the decisions over it regarding to improve outcomes. While research, benchmarking and clinical expertise all together it will form best evidence. It is also proved by researchers that when decisions are based on expert nursing experiences and also have scientific evidence behind their concluded decision then it will generate best result for patients health and their families (Berke et al., 2011). It is always being expected from the nurses that during their clinical decision making nurses have to use the best available evidence. According to discussion over International Council of Nurses, It was discussed that nurses have a professional obligation towards society for providing care which has to be reviewed constantly along with researching and validating on it. Standard of care for acute care nursing practice: It is intended that standard of care should used with the expertise scope because they are related to the role and limitations of acute care nurses practice. The acute and critical care nurses provide care to their patient on appropriate standard. How the standards have to be met is described by the measurement criteria of nursing practice. Relevant theories, researches and evidence characterize the acute care nursings professional practice as well as they provide guidelines in order to explain human behavior and related phenomena. It is identified that the acute care nurses needs various resources during their practice setting, support and in order to get access for education program continuation which is equivalent to research and the practice which is based on evidences (Hjorland and Birger, 2011). Standard 1: Assessment The nurses attending the acute ill patient collects relevant data required and necessary regarding to the patient situation. Criteria of measurement: Nurses collect the data from the patient, their family, health care professionals and also from the people as and where required in order to create chart of patient needs According to patients characteristics priorities of data collection are decided, it is also based on immediate condition and anticipated needs. Particular evidence based techniques and instrument are used in terms of collecting pertinent and sufficient information. To make decisions on patient conditions formal knowledge matching is necessary along with clinical findings. After all the process appropriate data are recorded as a document That recorded data are discussed with the healthcare professionals to conclude more evidence based decision. Standard 2: Diagnosis The nurses attending the acute ill patient analyze the collected data through assessment to determine diagnosis and care issues. Measurement criteria: The assessment document is used in order to diagnose and care issues These diagnosis and care issue are then validated and discussed throughout the treatment by nurses with the patient, or their family and whenever required also validated through other health care professionals across the healthcare system. The issues related to diagnosis and health of patient are then categorize according to priority and recorded for facilitating the prioritized outcome and to develop or modify the plan. Standard 3: Outcome determination Nurses attending to the patients who are acutely ill identify outcomes for the patient depending on their current health circumstances. Measurement criteria: Whatever outcome is derived is absolutely based upon the actual diagnoses and the issues occur during the care Outcomes are formulated in conjunction with the patient clinical history, health examination, functional and risk assessment, also with their family and other health provider which is related to their level of response when decision making is conducted (Dale, 2005). Outcomes are recognized, appreciated and incorporated with differences. Outcomes are based upon different factors such as resource available, risk associated with it, current evidences and clinical expertise and cost. In order to continue care outcome plays important role and also provides evidence. Outcomes include a target date for attainment. Standard 4: Planning Plan has been developed by nurses who attends acutely ill patient with given interventions to get appropriate result Measurement criteria: The plan includes characteristics of patients health and current situation To develop the plan patient, their family and healthcare providers has been concerned and also collaborate with them in terms of promoting contributions of each member for achieving good health outcome. Current best evidence is reflected by the plan Continuity of care is provided by the plan and it proceeds along with matching nurses competencies with the characteristics of patients. Priorities of care have been established by the healthcare plan It is taken care that plan should provide strategies for promoting and restoring good health of patient and prevent the acutely ill patient from further illness, injuries and disease Available resources and economic condition effect the plan Standard 5: Implementation Plan implementation, coordination of care delivery and strategies employment are accomplishes by the nurse caring for acutely ill patient, intended to encourage healthy and safe atmosphere around the patient, so that they can feel better and respond quickly to given treatment. Measurement criteria: During implementation intervention are delivered for reducing the complication and avoiding critical condition To implement the plan contribution of patient and family is very important as per their capabilities All the things that is the plan has to implement and modifications are documented Standard 6: Evaluation Progress has been evaluated by nurses attending and caring the acutely ill patients for getting best health outcomes. Measurement criteria: If there is requirement then the patient, their family members and professionals are involved in the process of evaluation and decision making After initiating the interventions evaluation has been occur during appropriate time frame Professional performance standards: Competent level of behavior has been described by the standard of professional performance in the professional role; it includes activities which relate to professional care quality, its evaluation, education and other standards (French, 2002). Measurement criteria are given to describe and evaluate for meeting appropriate standard of professional performance. Though it explains entire expectation of nurses who handles acutely ill patients, their certification they demonstrates additional methods of professionalism. Reference List: Berke, D.M., Rozell, C.A., Hogan, T.P., Norcross, J.A., Karpiak, C.P. (April 2011)."What clinical psychologists know about evidence-based practice: familiarity with online resources and research methods".Journal of Clinical Psychology67(4): 329339. Hjorland, Birger (2011)."Evidence based practice: An analysis based on the philosophy of science".Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology62(7): 130110. Dale AE (2005). "Evidence-based practice: compatibility with nursing".Nurs Stand19(40): 4853. French P (February 2002)."What is the evidence on evidence-based nursing? An epistemological concern".J Adv Nurs37(3): 2507

To What Extent is Petruchio a Sympathetic Character Essay Example

To What Extent is Petruchio a Sympathetic Character? Paper Petruchio first appears in Act I scene ii in a flurry. His servant, Grumio seems to enrage him. In Grumios introduction, he plays on words to annoy Petruchio: Pet. Villain, I say, knock me here soundly. Gru. Knock you here, sir? Why, sir, what am I, sir, that I should knock you here, sir? Here, Petruchio seems unable to understand that Grumio is using knock about humour. Later in the play Petruchio cleverly uses words to try and woo Katherina. However in this episode it makes him appear short-tempered and with a need to control the people around him. In line 24, Petruchio talks in Italian to Hortensio. This makes him appear intelligent and makes the audience feel that they are in Italy. After Hortensio and Petruchios Italian dialogue, Grumio says: Tis no matter, sir, what he leges in Latin. This would, to anyone who can tell the difference between Italian and Latin be amusing and make Grumio seem confused and ignorant. However, it is likely that fewer people in a modern audience would notice this and Grumios mistake might go unnoticed. After this, Petruchio and Grumio quarrel about Grumios disobedience. I bade the rascal knock upon your gate. This again gives the impression that Petruchio is short tempered and unwilling to back down. When Petruchio and Hortensio get talking about women, Petruchio shows that he is interested in marrying for money. Thou knowst not golds effect. When Hortensio tells Petruchio of the rich but shrewd girl Katherina, he is instantly interested. Hortensio seems to regrets telling Petruchio and lists all of Katherinas bad points: She is intolerable curst. However, Petruchio has his mind set and will not change it. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent is Petruchio a Sympathetic Character? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent is Petruchio a Sympathetic Character? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent is Petruchio a Sympathetic Character? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer From his earlier actions, the audience can tell that Petruchio would probably be able to make Katherine yield, as he is a powerful and fiery character. Petruchio makes it clear that he doesnt care how bad her temper is as long as she has lots of money. I come to wive it wealthily in Padua. Petruchio implies that he thinks that he is perfectly capable of taming Katherina. Have I not heard great ordnance in the field, And do you tell me of a womans tongue. Although Petruchio has some strong lines early on, he delivers them with humour and affection. This paves the way for the happy marriage that we see starting to materialise at the end of the play. In the 2003 Royal Shakespeare Company production of The Taming of the Shrew, Petruchio is shown as being drunk when he first makes his appearance in the play. He is also shown to hug Hortensio. This perhaps gives us an insight into his more sensitive side. Another way that Petruchio shows his internally sensitive nature is by using flowing and complementary words to describe Katherina: Her affability and bashful modesty. This seems almost like Petruchio is trying to kid himself as to what Katherina is really like. This also has the effect of giving the audience a view of how he wants Katherina to turn out after he has tamed her. Petruchio reiterates this in Act II, scene I, line 168 in his first soliloquy. Here, he tells the audience that he will contradict everything she says and does: Say that she frown, Ill say she looks as clear As morning roses newly washd with dew. He does this to attempt to confuse her and win her favour.

Industrial Engineering

Introduction Industrial engineering (IE) determines how fundamental factors of production are identified, coordinated, and used to aid efficiency and productivity in diverse operational sectors. It provides innovative skills that aid planning, control, and quality in the engineering sector.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Industrial Engineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evidently, it is important for individuals and countries with resources and strong performance orientations to adopt sustainable and conventional engineering practices. The practices should be developed under ideological, purposeful, and developmental virtues in order to facilitate construction of cost effective infrastructures. Industrial engineers should attain superior training on best engineering practices that embraces modern techniques of operation. This is to facilitate development of appropriate construction designs, alloca tion of resources, and crafting of superior strategic plan to enhance effectiveness (Price 2). Contextually, this paper discusses Industrial engineering as a major and as a job/career. Additionally, it discerns the importance of Industrial engineering in diverse aspects. Indeed, industrial engineering is a concept that seeks to revolutionize execution of activities in various economic sectors. This is achievable through adoption of noble practices that aim at improving productivity, creativity, and effectiveness. Proposal for the research paper This piece provides insightful information on the imperativeness of industrial engineering that remains a noble aspect in steering performance in the current society. The concept presents requisite incentives that drive planning, design, and control of resources in the engineering setting. This propels effectiveness and efficiency in execution of activities. Its main objective is to equip individuals with performance credentials to enhance pr oductivity and development of cost effective construction strategies that are sustainable. Indeed, industrial engineering concept enables development of innovative and creative processes of construction while ensuring superior management of resources. It enables creation of relevant production lines, planning, and resource distribution essential for growth. Therefore, the information is to enhance development of individuals with superior engineering credentials capable of advancing quality in the sector.Advertising Looking for research paper on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Industrial engineering as a major discipline and a career development policy Industrial engineering forms an essential discipline in the current society. It equips individuals with conventional knowledge capacity on contemporary engineering practices that are suitable in advancing growth (Munir, 1). The practices are set to advance productivi ty, efficiency, and value including maximization of cost-related factors that affect construction. It sets up clear guidelines that enable proper identification of relevant activities that are needed in the society and boosts formulation of strong policies that are geared towards constructing strong infrastructure. Noticeably, engineers perform significant tasks of designing, scheduling, and establishing superior control systems that enable sound execution of construction projects (Munir, 2). This explains the need of ensuring adoption of industrial engineering skills that instills innovative mindset in individuals. According to Dalhousie University article (2), industrial engineering is concerned with advancing productivity and development of stable structures that presents limited threats to users. It achieves this through effective management of people, business models, and technology. In regard to career development, individuals with strong aspirations of pursuing engineering sh ould adopt industrial engineering training due to its relevance in the contemporary world. It provides superior incentives for personal and professional growth that enhances flexibility compared to other specialties of engineering. Indeed, IE equips individuals with comprehensive knowledge on diverse areas that includes construction, management, distribution of resources, and activity scheduling (SCCC 1). This is vital since other disciplines of engineering provide nonflexible knowledge where some major content are not provided for holistic practicing. Consequently, it boosts one’s ability to acquire job opportunities. Investors or prospective employers are currently in need of engineers with comprehensive knowledge in diverse fields apart from construction knowledge. These elements explain the imperativeness of industrial engineering as a career development aspect. Activities of Industrial Engineering The activities of industrial engineering revolve under set guidelines with an aim of advancing performance and improvement of quality. This ensures that value is obtained through effective administration of processes and resources that are involved in the development sequence. Evidently, IE aids architectural designing tools and equipments, which forms the foundation of any engineering project (Munir, 2).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Industrial Engineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clearly, projects that are founded under inferior standards hold low capacity to successful execution. Therefore, institutions that seek to develop strong structures should ensure establishment of superior designs and procurement of relevant equipments to ensure effectiveness in service delivery. Industrial engineers also perform identification and improvement of processes. Development of critical processes in the construction sequence is essential in facilitating engineering projects. Th is is to guarantee effective management of resources through priority-based distribution to avert wastages. Additionally, industrial engineering equips engineers with time, cost, and performance standardization qualities relevant in steering construction projects (TPR Education 1). Time is a scarce resource that should be managed effectively through formulation of structural and operational plans. Other activities of industrial engineers include setting up of value engineering and evaluation systems, wage incentive schemes, and performance assessment incorporating inventory quality maintenance. These activities are fundamental in ensuring development of superior engineering projects in a holistic manner with coordination by proficient individuals who hold unquestionable credentials. Functions and Importance of Industrial Engineering Industrial engineering performs diverse functions that support manufacturing and service operations. This helps in advancing productivity, safety, and e mployees’ welfare. Precisely, the major function of IE is to revolutionize the engineering sector by providing conventional techniques in various sectors. It seeks to enhance novelty, productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency in service delivery through adoption of superior operating strategies, designs, and control of possessions (TPR Education 1). The concept is set to advance working conditions and create clear motivational avenues with strong focus to consumer satisfaction rather than being profit-oriented. Indeed, most institutions have been focusing on profit making rather than provision of quality services. It is advisable for engineers to adopt contemporary techniques of construction that recognize modern needs and constraints in terms of resources. SCCC (2) states that investors in the construction industry need engineers who hold holistic knowledge on modern construction and administration concepts to steer construction plans. Such individuals are in demand since they foster development of viable construction designs and strategies that are technological oriented. Industrial engineering presents learners with conventional and innovative incentives that facilitate holistic integration of construction and project administration concepts (Price 2). These factors are vital in formulating quality policies and construction plans.Advertising Looking for research paper on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Presently, holistic engineering knowledge that enhances superior planning, development of construction blueprints, and enhancement of administration skills is paramount in recording success. This is vital since planning, designing, and control of resources define the successful provisions of IE. Conclusion Evidently, industrial engineering provides noble incentives for growth and development. It ensures increased productivity, novelty, and superior management of engineering procedures. Critically, individuals with strong engineering career aspirations should undertake this course due to its relevancy and applicability in providing viable solutions in diverse sectors. Works Cited Dalhousie University. What do Industrial Engineers do?. 2012. Web. Munir, Abdul. About Industrial Engineering. 2008. Web. Price, John. Industrial engineering and engineering management in Australia. 2012, Web. SCCC (Sloan Career Cornerstone Center). Industrial Engineering Overview. 2012. Web. TPR Education. Career: Industrial Engineer. 2012, Web. This research paper on Industrial Engineering was written and submitted by user Dominick Kramer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

History of Christmas Traditions in the 19th Century

History of Christmas Traditions in the 19th Century The history of Christmas traditions kept evolving throughout  the 19th century, when most of the familiar components of the modern Christmas including St. Nicholas, Santa Claus, and Christmas trees, became popular. The changes in how Christmas was celebrated were so profound that its safe to say someone alive in 1800 would not even recognize the Christmas celebrations held in 1900. Christmas Traditions: Key Takeaways Our most common Christmas traditions developed during the 1800s:The character of Santa Claus was largely a creation of author Washington Irving and cartoonist Thomas Nast.Christmas trees were popularized by Queen Victoria and her German husband, Prince Albert.Author Charles Dickens helped establish a tradition of generosity at Christmas. Washington Irving and St. Nicholas Early Dutch settlers of New York considered St. Nicholas to be their patron saint and practiced a yearly ritual of hanging stockings to receive presents on St. Nicholas Eve, in early December. Washington Irving, in his fanciful History of New York, mentioned that St. Nicholas had a wagon he could ride â€Å"over the tops of trees† when he brought â€Å"his yearly presents to children.† The Dutch word â€Å"Sinterklaas† for St. Nicholas evolved into the English â€Å"Santa Claus,† thanks in part to a New York City printer, William Gilley, who published an anonymous poem referring to â€Å"Santeclaus† in a children’s book in 1821. The poem was also the first mention of a character based on St. Nicholas having a sleigh, in this case, pulled by a single reindeer. Clement Clarke Moore and The Night Before Christmas Perhaps the best-known poem in the English language is â€Å"A Visit from St. Nicholas,† or as it’s often called, â€Å"The Night Before Christmas.† Its author, Clement Clarke Moore, a professor who owned an estate on the west side of Manhattan, would have been quite familiar with the St. Nicholas traditions followed in early 19th century New York. The poem was first published, anonymously, in a newspaper in Troy, New York, on December 23, 1823. Reading the poem today, one might assume that Moore simply portrayed the common traditions. Yet he actually did something quite radical by changing some of the traditions while also describing features that were entirely new. For instance, the St. Nicholas gift giving would have taken place on December 5, the eve of St. Nicholas Day. Moore moved the events he describes to Christmas Eve. He also came up with the concept of â€Å"St. Nick† having eight reindeer, each of them with a distinctive name. Charles Dickens and A Christmas Carol The other great work of Christmas literature from the 19th century is A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens. In writing the tale of Ebenezer Scrooge, Dickens wanted to comment on greed in Victorian Britain. He also made Christmas a more prominent holiday and permanently associated himself with Christmas celebrations. Dickens was inspired to write his classic story after speaking to working people in the industrial city of Manchester, England, in early October 1843. He wrote A Christmas Carol quickly, and when it appeared in bookstores the week before Christmas 1843 it began to sell very well. The book crossed the Atlantic and began to sell in America in time for Christmas 1844, and became extremely popular. When Dickens made his second trip to America in 1867 crowds clamored to hear him read from A Christmas Carol.  His tale of Scrooge and the true meaning of Christmas had become an American favorite. The story has never been out of print, and Scrooge is one of the best-known characters in literature. Santa Claus Drawn by Thomas Nast The famed American cartoonist Thomas Nast is generally credited as having invented the modern depiction of Santa Claus. Nast, who had worked as a magazine illustrator and created campaign posters for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, was hired by Harper’s Weekly in 1862. For the Christmas season, he was assigned to draw the magazine’s cover, and legend has it that Lincoln himself requested a depiction of Santa Claus visiting Union troops. The resulting cover, from Harper’s Weekly dated January 3, 1863, was a hit. It shows Santa Claus on his sleigh, which has arrived at a U.S. Army camp festooned with a â€Å"Welcome Santa Claus† sign. Santa’s suit features the stars and stripes of the American flag, and he’s distributing Christmas packages to the soldiers. One soldier is holding up a new pair of socks, which might be a boring present today, but would have been a highly prized item in the Army of the Potomac. Beneath Nasts illustration was the caption, â€Å"Santa Claus In Camp.† Appearing not long after the carnage at Antietam and Fredericksburg, the magazine cover is an apparent attempt to boost morale in a dark time. The Santa Claus illustrations proved so popular that Thomas Nast kept drawing them every year for decades. He is also credited with creating the notion that Santa lived at the North Pole and kept a workshop manned by elves. The figure of Santa Claus endured, with the version drawn by Nast becoming the accepted standard version of the character. By the early 20th century the Nast-inspired version of Santa became a very common figure in advertising. Prince Albert and Queen Victoria Made Christmas Trees Fashionable The tradition of the Christmas tree came from Germany, and there are accounts of early 19th century Christmas trees in America, but the custom wasn’t widespread outside German communities. The Christmas tree first gained popularity in British and American society thanks to the husband of Queen Victoria, the German-born Prince Albert. He installed a decorated Christmas tree at Windsor Castle in 1841, and woodcut illustrations  of the Royal Family’s tree appeared in London magazines in 1848. Those illustrations, published in America a year later, created the fashionable impression of the Christmas tree in upper-class homes. By the late 1850s reports of Christmas trees were appearing in American newspapers. And in the years following the Civil War ordinary American households celebrated the season by decorating a Christmas tree. The first electric Christmas tree lights appeared in the 1880s, thanks to an associate of Thomas Edison, but were too costly for most households. Most people in the 1800s lit their Christmas trees with small candles. The First White House Christmas Tree The first Christmas tree in the White House was displayed in 1889, during the presidency of Benjamin Harrison. The Harrison family, including his young grandchildren, decorated the tree with toy soldiers and glass ornaments for their small family gathering. There are some reports of president Franklin Pierce displaying a Christmas tree in the early 1850s. But the stories of a Pierce tree are vague and there doesnt seem to be contemporaneous mentions in newspapers of the time. Christmas Tree and Family, 1848. Benjamin Harrisons Christmas cheer was closely documented in newspaper accounts. An article on the front page of the New York Times on Christmas Day 1889 detailed the lavish presents he was going to give his grandchildren. And though Harrison was generally regarded as a fairly serious person, he vigorously embraced the Christmas spirit.   Not all subsequent presidents continued the tradition of having a Christmas tree in the White House. By the middle of the 20th century, White House Christmas trees became established. And over the years  it has evolved into an elaborate and very public production. The first National Christmas Tree was placed on The Ellipse, an area just south of the White House, in 1923, and the lighting of it was presided over by President Calvin Coolidge. The lighting of the National Christmas Tree has become quite a large annual event, typically presided over by the current president and members of the First Family. Yes, Virginia, There Is a Santa Claus In 1897 an eight-year-old girl in New York City wrote to a newspaper, the New York Sun, asking if her friends, who doubted the existence of Santa Claus, were right. An editor at the newspaper, Francis Pharcellus Church, responded by publishing, on September 21, 1897, an unsigned editorial. The response to the little girl has become the most famous newspaper editorial ever printed. The second paragraph is often quoted: Yes, VIRGINIA, there is a Santa Claus. He exists as certainly as love and generosity and devotion exist, and you know that they abound and give to your life its highest beauty and joy. Alas! how dreary would be the world if there were no Santa Claus. It would be as dreary as if there were no VIRGINIAS. Church’s eloquent editorial asserting the existence of Santa Claus seemed a fitting conclusion to a century that began with modest observances of St. Nicholas and ended with the foundations of the modern Christmas season firmly intact. By the end of the 19th century, the essential components of a modern Christmas, from Santa to the story of Scrooge to strings of electric lights were firmly established in America.

Managing entrepreneurially Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing entrepreneurially - Essay Example In the use of entrepreneurship skills in management, maximization on the available resources is usually the highest priority to increase the level of output in a firm, without incurring additional costs both financially and through labor. As per the definition of entrepreneurial management, an entrepreneur is a good manager who assumes all the risks of a business by taking control of the company, as well as its goals and direction. The entrepreneurship model of management is made up of six different styles that are generated from a combination of one or more styles, but all aim at the earlier mentioned goals of effectiveness and independence. The first style is the classic and is more of a traditional entrepreneurial management style based on monitoring and supervision (Roslan et al 91). With this in mind, all hired personnel are monitored and supervised on a personal level, where personal refers to the manager taking the role of supervisor. This style also focuses on lack of delegat ion of responsibilities in the firm all thanks to the personal nature or attachment of the manager to the firm in taking the lead to oversee everything personally. The down side to this style lies in the failure to delegate duties and responsibilities due to the neurotic urge to do everything by oneself, which is more of a negative way to run a firm. The style is reformed by defining that which can be delegated and that which cannot, in order to create a convention on that which is right and wrong in running of the firm in relation to effectiveness. However, due to the common belief that this style uses team management, businesses often become too complicated to be run by the entrepreneur using this style; thus the inclusion of managers from outside to run the business. Still, due to the lack of trust in the delegation of responsibilities to subordinates and other members of staff, there is usually conflict in the running of the firm, as the leader needs to be in control. This is co ncerning running and supervising everything personally, which leads to over regulation what the managers are supposed t do for the development of the firm. As a result, it disillusions the subordinates and the firm is left without members of staff since they cannot handle the occurrence of such events on a regular basis as it appears disrespectful to the members of staff by subjecting them to some of the responsibilities that one cannot handle on his or her own. To correct the situation of the classic style of leadership with its down sides, to is crucial to identify the role of one’s leadership in relation to one’s ability to delegate. Therefore, when one cannot delegate effectively, it is crucial to keep the complexity of the business to a minimum in order to eliminate the need for managers and disillusionment of subordinates. The second style is the coordinator, which is an alternative to the classic method in that it takes the recommendations of reforming the class ic to mind. A firm can be easily run with a very limited number of employees together with the leader, where the role of the leader revolves around organization. In this case, entrepreneurial management involves the leader verifying that everything is done in the form and that the firm is

-No Topic- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

-No Topic- - Essay Example Warren et al 2012 say that professionals in this field; accountants must be competent enough to deal with accounting information in relation to potential users. Essentially, it is argued that accounting information should be relied upon the titles of the potential users. Thus accountants must be extremely clear on whom and what purpose accounting information is been given to. Significantly, several groups of people may require such information for both their interest and that of a given organisation. Some of the potential users include; customers, government, managers, suppliers competitors among others (Martin 2009; McLaney and Atrill 2010). According to Gelinas et al 2012, accounting information might not be able to give solid decisions or definite answer to potential users as it is a field that continuous grows in relation to various advancements. None the less, this kind of information is crucial in ensuring that uncertainty is reduced in businesses with reference to their assumed financial position and the overall performance (Bisen 2009). As such, accounting information has three major roles in businesses; rewarding and or payment of employees, repayment of loans, and the reimbursement of money to business owners. Conversely, there are alternative sources of information which might be derived from published articles such as newspapers and magazines which at times is not accurate thus giving conflicting statement on financial matters of given businesses (Peng 2011). According to numerous research that have been analyzed by financial scholars, it is evident that accounting information ranges among the few relied on sources of financial wellbeing and related information on businesses as opposed to other sources. Duening and Click (2004) articulate that most major companies have relied on accounting information in ensuring that checks and balances in their financial

To be Determined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

To be Determined - Essay Example Collier wastes little time stating that she felt wronged by Mr. Ducks poem and suggests that it is perhaps men who are to blame for any perceived faults women may display. She describes a time when women were honored by men simply because they were women. During this Golden Age, women were revered as objects of desire and revered as givers of life. She speaks of a day and age when men labored and toiled so women could devote themselves to pursuits more in keeping with their sex. She suggests that is the men that are at fault for ending the Golden Age, not women. Having established that perhaps mankind as a whole is at fault for their current attitudes toward women, Collier next seeks to establish the fact that women perform many of the same chores on the farm as men. She describes cheerfully threshing hay and working in the fields alongside the men. By establishing womens participation in traditional labor performed by men, Collier is preparing to establish her theme of inequality by going into detail concerning the labors expected of women that occur after the men are asleep or at leisure. Women have countless chores around the household. When the men were in the field, women could stay home to do work such as caring for children, gardening, tending to domestic animals and preparing food for the family. But when women were called into service in the fields, they needed to help there in addition to all of these other duties. This results in a workday for women that begins very early and ends very late. Collier describes this inequality by s peaking of waking as the stars are still shining and the men folk are still in bed slumbering and dreaming. (141-146) Though written over two hundred and fifty years ago, Collier could have well been writing about the trials of modern women in the workplace. While men share more in domestic chores than they

Analysis of Structuralism in 47 Ronin

Analysis of Structuralism in 47 Ronin THE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURALISM IN A WESTERN FILM ENTITLED 47 RONIN DIRECTED BY CARL RINSCH AS THE IMAGING OF AMERICAN DREAM Capritia Dirgantari ABSTRACT Media or medium in singular form is the main means of mass communication that addressed to society. The author chooses 47 Ronin directed by Carl Rinsch to be the focus of this analysis which specified to discuss the ‘American dream’ that reflecting from this film. The objectives of this analysis are to identify, describe and analyze influences that given by media to the society. The author uses descriptive as the method of this analysis and applies Structuralism theory to examine the scenes of this film that represents the ‘American dream’. Structuralism theory emphasizes how films deliver its meaning by the utilization of languages that are used to establish purposes in communication. The result findings show that film as one of media represents ‘American dream’ that related to the society mindset, unconsciously or consciously. The author hopes the readers get better understanding of Structuralism theory in analyzing a film and comprehend the m eaning of ‘American dream’ that influencing the societies. Keywords: Media, Film, American dream, Structuralism INTRODUCTION The influence of mass media has grown exponentially with the advance of technology. First there were books, newspapers, magazines, photography, sound recordings, films, radio, television, and internet.Nowadays, everyone depends on information and communication to keep their lives moving through their daily activities like work, education, entertainment, personal relationships, and the other stuff with which we are involved.Societies gather much information that they needed from those media sources. Raymond Williams estimates that media can be defined in three senses: historical sense; technical sense; and etymological sense. Historical sense is an intervening substance or agency and technical sense means medium as communicating message to public. Williams also defines etymological sense of the media as a capitalist sense which developed during the nineteenth century (Williams, 1983). Media became profitable enterprises during this era because its commercials features produce generati ng business for example like advertisements, video clips, and films. America was one of the capitalist states that introduce the famous term of ‘American Dream’ and tons of films have been made in here. The author chooses a western film entitled 47 Ronin directed by Carl Rinsch as the main focus of this analysis to interpret how big ‘American Dream’ influences the public from the structure of this film. 47 Ronin is a 2013 American fantasy action film representing a fictional account of the real group of ronin—a samurai with no master—in 18th era of Japan, who revenged the death of their lord commonly called as ChÃ…Â «shingura. This film was directed by Carl Rinsch and produced by Universal Studios. 47 Ronin costs $152 million for making all scenes and visuals which crowned as the second most expensive box office ever behind The 13th Warrior film (Kit, 2012). Another favored feature of this film is the protagonist character was acted by famous actor Keanu Reeves and other five Japanese actors: Sanada Hiroyuki; Rinko Kikuchi; Tadanobu Asano; Jin Akanishi; and Kou Shibasaki. Universal Studios chooses those five Japanese actors to create better storyline and more genuine than choosing actors who was too mainstream in the United States, even though the scenario in this film giving no resemblance to the origin story of ChÃ…Â «shingura. This film broadly tells about a group of ronin who revenge to the death of their master. The story begins when Lord Asano accompany with samurai of Ako, find an unknown boy—Kai—and allow him to stay in province of Ako. Years later, Lord Asano arranges welcoming event dedicated to the arrival of the Shogun and Lord Kira in Ako. After that, conflicts emerge until Lord Asano penalized to obligating suicide by the Shogun’s order, called as Lord Ieayashu. Time after time the groups of ronin realize this tragedy happened because of Lord Kira, then the group of ronin led by Oishi and Kai sets up for revenge against the Shoguns order (Dresner, 2013). The author chooses this film because it reflects the definition of ‘American Dream’. The definition of ‘American dream’ in this analysis is someone’s struggle for achieving a high position to become recognizable by other people and it has triggered the passion of people from generation to generation (americanradioworks.publicradio.org, 2015). American dream popularized by American people and it is also valid for everyone from other countries to find their opportunities in foreign countries. The American dream offers the freedom of each people to make decisions that render better life; the freedom to wish better dreams; the freedom to gaining prosperity; and the opportunity to lead a dignified life (Adams, 1931). Hence, the author uses Structuralism theory in order to find out the main purpose of this analysis. The structuralism film theory explains in what manner films deliver its meaning by the utilization of languages that are used to establish purp oses in communication (Storey, 2009). An example of this is to understand how combination of scenes can create an additional idea, in this case ‘the American Dream’ portrayed in this film and affecting the societies. ANALYSIS This chapter intends to analyze the implicit meanings from ‘American Dream’ in scenes of 47 Ronin by using Structuralism theory. Structuralism assumes a film or any other kind of media as a signifying system, a set of patterns or relationships within the society. First of all, the author gives a brief explanation about Structuralism theory used in media. Ferdinand de Saussure, the founder of modern structural linguistics in the 1960s, in his essay ‘Object of Study’ theorized his structuralism assessment of language and he also shows the basis of structuralism theory (Eagleton 84). This essay states the role of communication tracts which substituted from one person to other person. Saussure explains that someone must omit the individual act to understand this communication tract, which he has concluded it as social phenomenon (Saussure, 1959). This study related to Claude Levi-Strauss’ the ‘unconscious foundations’ of culture, he argues th at to understand this structure we could correctly comprehend the meaning by discovering the value of myths (Levi-Strauss, 1968: 209). Myths purpose to provide stories that bring peace towards the existence of people. To understand the social meaning of a myth, Will Wright introduces the power of Western which symbolizes deep conceptualization of American social beliefs that contain of three stages: ‘classic’; ‘transition theme’; and ‘professional’ (Wright, 1975). The author describes each stage that mentioned above by proving some scenes taken from 47 Ronin film. According to Wright, the ‘classic’ stage divided into sixteen narrative ‘functions’ (Propp, 1968) which are: The hero enters a social group This happens in the prologue of 47 ronin film when Lord Asano the leader of Ako province saved Kai the protagonist character to live along with Ako society. The hero is unknown to the society In the early beginning of this film, there are scenes that explain the unknown background of the protagonist character. The narrator said, â€Å"No one knows where is he come from or how he arrived in Ako province†. The hero is revealed to have an exceptional ability After Lord Asano takes Kai to his territory, he said that he saw something special inside Kai that no one has seen before. The society recognizes a difference between themselves and the hero. The hero is given a special status This occurs when Oishi, a ronin who asked help from Kai which at the first time Oishi underestimates him. And this recognition continues when Oishi gave him a sword which is inherited from Basho, a comrade who died. The society does not completely accept the hero Unfortunately, one of the other ronin did not accept Kai’s existence in this group. He assumed that Kai is not a samurai and have no clear background of his life. There is a conflict of interests between the villain and the society Meanwhile the antagonist character, Lord Kira has ulterior motive to reigns the Ako province by using witchcraft. The villains are stronger than society. The society is weak In this film, Lord Kira has stronger troops and supernatural beings that can give adverse spells to Ako society. Contrast with Ako society who does not accept any witchcraft and they just rely on human strength. There is a strong respect between the hero and the villain Both Lord Asano and Lord Kira has mutual respect as the leader of province and each year they arrange a friendly competition. The villains threaten the society After Lord Kira made Lord Asano committed suicide—in this context commonly known as hara-kiri, Ako society has no power to avenge his death because it has a big risk to their future. The hero avoids involvement in the conflict When Oishi asked Kai for help, Kai denied it because he feels underestimate at the first time. But then Oishi gives explanation that he was wrong. The villains endanger a friend of the hero Lord Kira launched his second attack by trapping the ronin in a village. This raid laid to two victims of ronin. The hero fights the villains In climax, Kai fight the supernatural beings and Oishi fight Lord Kira. The hero defeats villains The result is the protagonist wins this battle. The society is safe After beheaded Lord Kira’s head, ronin come home and Ako society is safe. The society accepts the hero Ako society and other provinces are accepting Kai as one of the hero who saved Ako province. It is more visible again when Lord Ieyashu gives salute and respect Kai and other ronin as samurai. The hero loses or gives up his special status In the final scene shows that Kai doing hara-kiri as well as the other ronin does in order to uphold the honor as a samurai. These entire sixteen narrative functions give important role to finding the ‘American Dream’ that contains in this film. The author found that entire narrative functions represent the steps of someone’s struggle to achieve recognizable position within the society. And the second stage is ‘transition theme.’ According to Wright, ‘transition theme’ describes about the transition that happened in the protagonist character (Wright, 1975). For example in 47 Ronin, after Kai got banished to a foreign ship, he adapted with his surroundings by keep fighting with other bandits which contrast with his first personality in Ako province. The last is ‘professional’ stage which means as the official position of the protagonist that gives professional identity. This is happened when Kai got recognizable position from the society of Ako province as samurai. Each of the stages that mentioned by Will Wright are interrelated and what has been e xperienced by the protagonist symbolize the definition of ‘American dream.’ According to James Truslow Adams’ book entitled The Epic of America, he states that the American dream is â€Å"a dream which life should be better for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement† (Adams, 1931: 214-215). That is to say, anyone have their right for having big dreams which led them strive to realizing their dreams and how fast they could achieve it depends on the ability of each person. CONCLUSION This conclusion intends to follow up the result of this analysis. Structuralism theory that used to analyze a film entitled 47 Ronin is capable in revealing how the western film industries influence the viewers through the three stages mentioned by Will Wright. Each type of these stages articulates its own mythic version of how to achieve the American dream. The first stage is classical plot, it defines the structure of human achievement by bestowing the relationship, respect, and dignity to differentiate yourself from others. The second stage transition theme argues that companionship and love are alongside with the social status of someone and this stage also reveals how someone’s life change and get a different social status. The last stage is professional plot. This stage argues that respect and companionship are to be achieved only by becoming one of the professional groups. The member of professional group must accept any obligation, responsible of the task that is offer ed, has solidarity to the team, and not competing with the same comrades in any social values. These three stages are representing the ‘American dream’ that is influencing the society nowadays. According to Levi-Strauss, he mentioned that the myth of a society through their structure reveals the communication of a theoretical demand to the members of that society (Wright, 1975: 17). Film portrays reality and reality portrays films. Moreover, the readers should notice that the world is the stage itself and everyone is merely the player. People have their own way to achieve their goals whether they become villain to the society like in ‘transitional theme’, become the professional’ group of the society or maybe become both of them. Hopefully, this analysis can give deeper insight to the readers by knowing influences given by the media especially in a film like 47 Ronin. REFERENCES Adams, James Truslow. The Epic of America. New York: Simon Publications, 2001. Dresner, Jonathan. The Many Things 47 Ronin Gets Wrong About Shogun-Era Japan (And the One Thing It Gets Right). http://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/154304 USA: 2013. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Minnesota: The University of Minnesota Press, 2001. Ellis, Kate, Ellen Guettler. A Better Life: Creating The American Dream. http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/americandream/ USA: American Public Media, 2015. Kit, Borys. Universal Pushes Back Keanu Reeves 47 Ronin. New York: The Hollywood Reporter, 2012. Levi-Strauss, Claude. Structural Anthropology. Hammondsworth: Penguin Books, 1968. Saussure, Ferdinand. Course in General Linguistics. New York: Philosophical Library, 1959. Storey, John. Cultural Theories and Popular Culture: An Introduction. 5th Ed. Pearson, 2009. Williams, Raymond. A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Rev. Ed. New York: Oxford University Press,1983. Wright, Will. Sixguns and Society: A Structural Study of the Western. California: University of California Press, 1975.

Henrik Isbens A Dolls House :: A Dolls House Essays

Main Theme I decided to write about one of the themes of A Doll's House's. I thought the main theme was a classic case of women’s suffrage. How Nora parted from society. Breaking away from the social standards of their time and acting the way they want is showed by several of the characters. No one character demonstrates this better than Nora. The time period in which the play takes place, women were not to be asserting themselves. Women were supposed to support their husbands, take care of their children, and made sure everything was perfect around the house. Work, politics, and decisions were left to the men. Nora's first break from society was when she decided to borrow money to pay for her husbands treatment. By doing this, she not only broke the law but she stepped away from the role women play in her society. She was suppose to be helpless and completely dependent upon Torvald. Nora's second break from society was shown by her decision to leave Torvald and her children. She was suppose to be under her husband. This is shown in the way Torvald spoke down to her. He would say things like, "worries that you couldn't possibly help me with," and, "Nora, Nora, just like a woman." She is almost considered to be property of his. By walking out on her family, she takes a position equal to her husband and brakes the rules of society. Nora also brakes society's expectations of staying in a marriage since divorce was unheard of during that era. Her decision was a separation from all expectations put on a woman and a wife by society. Nora knew the consequences her decisions. They were very deliberate and thought out. She knew what society expected of her and continued to do what she felt is right. I think Ibsen was sympathetic to Nora. Her examples of defying the stereo type of women were used Ibsen to show faults of society. In the first example, Ibsen shows that even though Nora did the right thing, it was deemed wrong and not allowed by society because she was a woman. Ibsen is critical of society's expectations of a marriage. He does this by showing how Nora is forced to be a wife, than be herself and this eventually deteriorates the marriage. Throughout the play Nora is looked down upon and treated as a possession by her husband.

Songs of Innocence and Song of Experience Analysis

William Blake lived from 1757 – 1827 in London. He was primarily an engraver then painter until later writing his famous poems. In his childhood he was educated at home although he later attended a drawing school, Henry Pars' and was an autodidact. Blake also claimed to have visions, most notably a vision when he saw and conversed with the Virgin Mary and the Angel Gabriel. In 1779, Blake became a student at the Royal Academy in Old Somerset House. His studies required no payment but he was expected to supply his own materials throughout the six years he would stay. He married in 1783 to Catherine Boucher, based solely on love and to this day is defined as a romantic poet. He was Associated with the Romantics because he had similar ideas that the imagination was very important. Byron, Shelly and Coleridge believed that the imagination was important – much more then rational thought. They were all against industrialisation of the countryside. The Romantics were an artistic movement which started in the 1770s through the Industrialisation of Europe continuing into the early Victorian period. They were classed here because of certain shared beliefs. The Romantics disliked the effects of the Industrial revolution. They lived during the civil war of America and the French revolution, due to the sudden questioning in the role of Monarchy and Church. William Blake produced poems, most notably the two companion poems of Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. One of his beliefs was that innocence is something good and generally saw experience as a bad thing. Evidence shows from his poems that he detested the expansion of industrialisation and very much liked the countryside as well as his deep religious attitude. Also you can read Analysis July at the Multiplex Songs of Innocence and Experience was written in 1790. The main theme Blake stressed was that a child remains innocent in his or her youth. The songs of Innocence are written in a child's point of view. They still strive strong even though there is evil around them. Blake felt as you grew older you lost that innocence as you gained more experience. The songs of Experience are written in an experienced point of view, which had realised the true evil around him or her and hated it. The first two examples are the lamb from Songs of innocence and the Tyger from songs of experience. Firstly, the lamb consists of two stanzas with five rhyming couplets. The Lamb is about innocence and Blake utilises the symbolism of a child to emphasize the theme. â€Å"He is meek & he is mild†. A lamb is a small, timid and weak animal and can portray innocence and peacefulness, properties we can associate with a child. It may also have deeper meaning, such as the Lamb of God. It was Jesus who became known as the Lamb of God because as the Jewish faith believes, sacrificing a lamb would take away your sins. The Christians saw Jesus as acting like a lamb so he could take away everyone's sins after becoming crucified, an image which shows self-sacrifice and innocence. Blake, who has a passion for religion gives praise to God for creation of a creature like the Lamb. The alliteration of â€Å"Little Lamb† gives the effect of softening the tone and adding to the imagery of innocence and possibly Blake tried to make the Lamb seem like a Nursery Rhyme, which portrays the poem being narrated by a child, therefore linking back to the theme of innocence. In the Tyger, the poem consists of six stanza's, with two rhyming couplets in each stanza. The Tyger is about experience and Blake utilises this using industrial and colour imagery like in the fourth stanza such as â€Å"what the hammer† or in the first stanza â€Å"forests of the night†. The Tyger needs experience to survive, as it needs to kill to live. Blake is questioning God â€Å"What immortal hand or eye, / could frame thy fearful symmetry† to why God would want to make animals like tigers, such as mankind. This is one of Blake's rhetorical questions throughout the poem. Read also  Case 302 July in Multiplex The â€Å"immortal hand† refers to the power of God to create. The â€Å"fearful symmetry† refers to the complexity in the tyger by the divine artistry, almost being so perfect as to be fearful to understand. Blake saw the Tyger as a very intricate animal, asking how God created it, â€Å"In what furnace was thy brain / What the anvil,†. The comparisons between the two is that the Lamb has pastoral imagery, such as language, â€Å"Vale†, â€Å"mead†, â€Å"stream†, This helps the reader picture a pastoral scene. This was the ideal life of William Blake, evidence for his want for the time before the industrial revolution. The Tyger has industrial imagery, â€Å"furnace†, â€Å"hammer†, â€Å"anvil†, to show how the Tyger is made as if it were in a factory. This imagery shows a pessimistic view of the Tyger. Blake does this because of his hate of industrialisation and saw it as an impurity to the countryside. In the penultimate stanza of the Tyger, Blake quotes Genesis, â€Å"Did he smile his work to see†. Blake is talking about the sixth day of creation when God had finally stopped and looked at his work, and saw it was good and rested on the seventh day. But then Blake adds â€Å"Did he who made the Lamb make thee! † Blake gives this rhetorical question to state whether the same God made the â€Å"little lamb† also made the â€Å"Tyger†. Here Blake questions the omniscience of God. If God is kind and all knowing shouldn't he have known evil and suffering would exist due to the creation of creatures like the Tyger. In general, Blake examines two separate animals, the Lamb and the Tyger which express his feelings on ideas about creation and the creator. Blake appreciates an innocent creature like the Lamb and is awe-struck by the complexity of the Tyger but is asking why God would make a Tyger with properties like having to kill in order to survive. Blake sees innocence as something good because as age your experience in the world increases. People see the sinister side of the world; therefore Blake would have seen ignorance as bliss. The next poems I will be analysing are The Chimney sweeper from Songs of innocence and The Chimney sweeper from Songs of Experience. The Songs of innocence version was written in 1789. Blake saw around him the child cruelty and shows this through his poem. â€Å"When my mother died I was very young,† from the first stanza immediately shows Blake's choice to make the poem in a child's perspective thus increasing the empathy, which he has tried to do repeatedly â€Å"in soot I sleep† to show the reader the bad life of poor children. Yet they continue to strive as best they can and treat each other well compared to the adults. â€Å"soot cannot spoil your white hair†, from the second stanza is about another child trying to comfort another child. In the penultimate line in the First stanza, â€Å"Could scarcely cry † ‘weep! ‘weep! ‘weep! † † is the child's attempt to say â€Å"sweep! , sweep! â€Å", which was the common street cry of chimney sweepers. It shows the child is very young and cannot even talk properly, adding to his innocence. Also this poem shows that the children have a very optimistic attitude on life, they try to make the greatest of what they have and do not fear death. This can be shown through a religious theme. When â€Å"the Angel told Tom, if he'd be a good boy, He'd have God for his father & never want joy†. Here Blake is showing that the children will live happily for eternity if they followed God's rules. Blake therefore believes the innocence of the children is what keeps them believing they'll have a better life after this wretched one because their innocent minds were easy to manipulate with the guarantee of an afterlife. The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of experience was written in 1794. The Chimney sweeper show evidence of his former innocence and is the same chimney sweeper from songs of innocence but matured and grown to realise the real world around him. Now, the Chimney sweeper blames his parents for the life he was put in, the first stanza say's, â€Å"Where are thy father & mother†. He is miserable in his position â€Å"notes of woe† and also blames â€Å"God & his Priest & King†. Blake purposefully made this child's perspective different from the companion poem to show the chimney sweeper has been influenced by society and therefore has an experienced point of view. Through the child's experience, Blake has portrayed the child detesting religion. In the first stanza the child speaks out for his parents, but he knows â€Å"They are both gone up to the church to pray. The child is angry that the people who follow God are the same people who â€Å"taught me to sing the notes of woe. † The child is bitter towards his life and believes he has been done wrong by the adults and believes they find joy in their misery â€Å"Who make up a heaven of our misery†. Blake has done this because of the controversy around the role of the church and monarchy and is an indication of someone who is experienced to question the role of church and monarchy. The Comparisons between the two is that they both contain metaphors prophesizing a most likely death. The Songs of innocence also has dark colour imagery inside the metaphor, â€Å"Were all of them lock'd up in coffins of black. † The â€Å"black† being themselves covered in soot and â€Å"lock'd† inside the chimneys, as was a lot of boys misfortunes. The Songs of experience shows the child knowing what his parents have done to him and is aware of a possible death. â€Å"They clothed me in the clothes of death†. The metaphor also shows that he was â€Å"clothed† from the real world during his younger years of innocence, meaning he felt he was living a lie. Further colour imagery is used in the songs of innocence such as, â€Å"cannot spoil your white hair†, white symbolising something pure as well as in the fourth stanza when the children â€Å"naked and white†, go and â€Å"wash in a river, and shine in the sun†. Here Blake uses pastoral imagery to make the countryside seem like a heaven and uses more themes of religion linking â€Å"naked and white† to Adam and Eve, where they â€Å"wash in a river, and shine in the sun†, this being the Garden of Eden. Blake is using the innocence and naivety of Adam of Eve to link this with the Children. The colour imagery in the chimney sweeper from Songs of experience relates to darkness in a â€Å"black thing among the snow. † This meaning the soot covered child is an oddity among everyone else. Blake stresses that he is all alone among the world and tries to win the readers sympathy. Using the word â€Å"snow†, Blake has used the snows property of being cold to portray society's ill attitude to life. In general, Blake has tried to expose the churches twists of their religion to benefit themselves. Blake has used the chimney sweepers as evidence of this. They were taught that if they do their â€Å"duty they not fear harm. † And as the innocent children they believed blindly until gradual experience revealed that is was the church that â€Å"taught me to sing the notes of woe. † Most children were brought into chimney sweeping when they reached 5 and continued that life until their size grew too big to fit inside. Many died from becoming trapped, getting tuberculosis, asthma and testicular cancer. William Blake lived in London his whole life and wrote the poem London for Songs of experience. London was written in 1794, in the aftermath of the French Revolution. This was a time of great political conflict in Britain. It exposes the distance in classes between those in power and the poor. In the second stanza, â€Å"mind-forg'd manacles†, this metaphor contains a deeper meaning then at first glance. The â€Å"mind-forged† relates back to the tyger's meaning of being created as if it were a machine. â€Å"manacles† are chains to the arms, which is being used to say London was a like a prison. The powerful minority had imposed their laws and removed freedom of the majority. We see this as how the powerful people were granted charters to control the streets of London and the river. Blake is obviously displeased that the streets are â€Å"chartered† but more obviously for the â€Å"Chartered Thames†, which shouldn't be controlled by laws. This is evidence for his views on the removal of freedom. Blake writes the â€Å"weakness† and the â€Å"woe† has appeared â€Å"in every face† to show the misery to try and make the audience feel sympathy for the poor. The repetition of â€Å"marks† and â€Å"every† reveals the extreme anxiety which â€Å"marks† of misery show up in â€Å"every Man† and â€Å"every Infants† faces which inform us that the Londoners are weakened in mind, body and spirit by the imposing of laws and â€Å"chartered streets†. Blake has utilised this to increase the audience's sympathy. Another main point with deeper meaning is in the third stanza, where Blake utilises imagery of religion and destruction as a paradox. He is implying the fall of religion such as the religious imagery of the â€Å"black'ning church† which represents the loss of innocence and the society's desertion of faith. The â€Å"chimney-sweeper's cry† symbolises trying to clean the soot that covers society and clean what causes their misery. But the â€Å"black'ning church† can also be blackened metaphorically with the shame of not helping the poor with the use of their power. There is also a pun as â€Å"appals† means to become pale, as with fear, but the churches are becoming metaphorically black, with soot. Still in the third stanza, the â€Å"hapless soldiers sigh† is about the aftermath of the French revolution when soldiers were drafted into war, unwilling or willing. Blake uses the imagery of destruction â€Å"Runs in blood down palace walls† to explain why the society is forced to mend their â€Å"weakness† and â€Å"woe† so an uprising will not occur in London. The last stanza reveals Blake's feelings that the next generation will be affected by his generation, â€Å"youthful harlot's curse† symbolises the youth's bad deeds will cause the â€Å"newborn infant's tear† which means the new generation will have to deal with the previous generations problems. This shows how old generations make mistakes for the new such as the current generation creating global warming, which the next generation must deal with. The language in the final stanza such as â€Å"plagues† also symbolises the â€Å"curse†. The â€Å"marriage hearse† symbolises eternity with death, an oxymoron. This makes the effect of showing life is not without death, in every life there is a final misery, death. William Blake wrote Holy Thursday in songs of innocence in 1789. Holy Thursday describes the church's festival to commemorate the ascension of Jesus which takes place thirty-nine days after Easter. On the Thursday, children from the charity schools across London went on a march to attend a service at St Paul's Cathedral. Beadles were lower ranking church members who kept the order of the children as they arrived. The Songs of innocence version of Holy Thursday consists of three quatrains each with two rhyming couplets. The first stanza brings the life to the poem with use of colour imagery â€Å"red, blue and green† to emphasize the children's delight. Blake uses â€Å"innocent faces clean† to once again stress how simple and innocent children are. They are â€Å"clean† because they have not yet acquired experience, which Blake saw experience as something bad. The Beadles are â€Å"Grey headed†, revealing them as possibly old aged. Blake also describes them as â€Å"wise guardians† perhaps because of the knowledge they have acquired till their old age. This is peculiar because the main attitude of Blake was that experience was something bad. It may be that Blake writes this because he is pleased that the children are brought up with a good religious attitude by the church. In the last stanza the children sing above the â€Å"aged men†, more evidence of the beadle's old age and a way to show their experience. Blake may have done this because he believed the Beadles were not â€Å"wise† or bothered to be â€Å"guardians† of the children because they cared not for them, another link to show experience as something bad. In the last line of the last stanza, â€Å"Then cherish pity, lest you drive an angel from your door† is a reference to Hebrews 13:2, â€Å"Be not forgetful to entertain strangers: for thereby some have entertained angels unawares. † This is God telling people to be good to our fellow man as you don't know who they are. This portrays the children as angelic to the reader. Also the sentences of the poem lengthen across the page. This can represent the long marching line of the children towards the church. The Songs of experience version was written in 1794. It is about the same event from the Songs of innocence but the manner is more disheartening. The poem consists of four quatrains and Blake has removed the effect of lengthening the sentences. Pastoral imagery is evident that the children are in a â€Å"rich and fruitful land†. Blake has done this because of the beauty of the actual church itself but he then stresses they are still â€Å"reduced to misery†. This is a reflection to the sour attitude of life expressed in the poem London. Blake is furthermore disapproved of the powerful taking advantage of the poor. Blake furthermore criticises the integrity of the church by writing that the children are â€Å"Fed with cold and usurous hand. † This means that the church has no concern of the children as is only interested in continuing the ceremony so it will benefit the church as â€Å"usurous† meant to lend money for a profit. Blake has also written deeper parts including â€Å"And their ways are fill'd with thorns†, from the third stanza. Blake has used religious imagery to suggest the children's lives will be full of adversity just as Jesus did. The â€Å"thorns† give a reminder to Jesus being flogged along with the crown of thorns. This was the hardship Jesus endured but after being crucified he ascended straight to heaven. Blake is saying the children will endure hardship like this but when the die they will go straight to heaven. Comparisons between the two are that in the last line of the third stanza of the Songs of Experience version, â€Å"It is eternal winter there,† describes how the children see the ceremony from the experienced point of view. This is different from Holy Thursdays of the Songs of innocence. The last stanza of the Songs of Experience version links to the â€Å"winter† by saying that when the sun shines and the rain doesn't fall, there â€Å"can never hunger there† and â€Å"Nor poverty†. But in winter the sun does not shine and rain does fall, so therefore Blake is saying there is hunger and there is poverty. The Songs of innocence version portrays the children as â€Å"flowers of London town†, this gives a good mood of the imagery for the children. But The Songs of Experience version opposes this mood as â€Å"their fields are bleak & bare† which both quotes touch on pastoral imagery. The experience of the children has lead them to become miserable as the adults and are â€Å"bleak and bare† physically and mentally. In general, Holy Thursday is meant to be a joyous occasion as Blake writes about the children in Songs of innocence but the exploitation by the powerful minority has demoralised the poor majority and this foul mood on such an occasion is shown in Holy Thursday from Songs of Experience. William Blake died in 1827. Blake wrote Songs of Innocence and Experience to show the world the bad deeds that society had created, expanding on matters he felt important like religion and morality, child labour and cruelty. It is true that Songs of Innocence and Songs of experience are very complex and Blake has done a good job of helping the reader understand the complexity by using his powerful use of imagery and language and William Blake has definitely expressed his beliefs well though his poems.

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Corporatism in Australia essays Corporatism is a political theory that has been embraced at different times through Australias political history, particularly between 1983 and 1995, during the Labor government of Hawke and Keating. Power is the ability to control or influence outcomes, actions or events... [and] may be exerted through force, coercion, control of resources, personal relationships or legal authority (Ryan, Parker and Brown, 2003: 44). Therefore it is important to understand how power is distributed in a country as it is an indicator of the sort of freedoms and opportunities a society can enjoy (ibid). There are three main models of power: elitism, pluralism and corporatism (Heywood, 2002: 77-78). Corporatism in a democratic setting, refers to decision-making by negotiation between the government arid a few powerful interest groups (Hague and Harrop, 2001: 159); these groups are known as peak associations and generally control the resources of an economy, e.g. the labour market. Following the Second W orld War, corporatism was adopted, in a very strict manner, by many European countries (e.g. Sweden, Norway, Ireland and Austria), in an attempt to provide stability (Heywood, 2002: 78). However, while the corporatist ideals were slowly being replaced with pluralism across Europe; in Australia, the relationship between the government, business and society had become more intertwined by adopting distinctive corporatist characteristics. During the Hawke (and to some extent the Keating) government, the State (or federal government) undertook a different approach to the development of economic policy. Prior to the Hawke government, the role of the State was fairly straight-forward to make economic or social policy without considering the specific desires of any one group in Australia. The country faced an economic disaster, with coinciding high inflation and recession (Head, 1997: 343): the new Labor government acknowled...

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Essay Genre essays A documentary by definition is according to the Academy Rule 12 of the rules for the Academy Award: a non-fictional movie. Documentaries are films made for the sole purpose of persuasion, designed chiefly to get the viewer to see the makers point of view or the point of view they are presenting. Documentaries often have a narrator who helps the story or is the driving force for the whole film, but this is not always so. Documentaries can occupy one or more of four broad categories, these are, Journalistic which involves information and analysis. Social Comment, documentaries which reveal problems within society. Educational, which concern themselves with entertainment but main objective is to teach. And finally Magazine which according to Film Study Collection: Genres is a variety of short documentaries and newsreel essays included in a single program with a studio host. The two documentaries being concentrated on in this essay are both social comment. Bowling for Columbine is a fast paced, in your face documentary that uses very fast and often questionable editing to provide a visual bombardment of images to get its point across. Critically acclaimed director Michael Moore shocks the viewer into his point of view. He uses mini-interviews with people associated with the topic of gun violence, and school shootings, to give the viewer a persuasive taste of what Michael Moore is presenting. The documentary provides a virtual smorgasbord of short news clips, interviews, cartoons, and background music all narrated by Michael Moore. The movie makes strong use of juxtaposition as is evident in a scene where the viewer is shocked with scenes of violence, death and killing all set to the Louis Armstrong song Its a Wonderful World. Michael Moore makes strong use of hyperbole, and hard to follow conclusions to exploit and expose the many problems of the United States of America, a society that the documen ...

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Juvenile Offenders Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Offenders Essay Steinberg states that there are some issues which are very challenging to the society concerning the nature of human development and justice when it comes to serious juvenile crimes (para, 1). This is due to the fact that people do not expect crimes to be committed by children let alone children being criminals. The unexpected connection between childhood and criminality brings about a dilemma that is hard to resolve (Steinberg para, 1). Some of the ways out of this dilemma are: trying to redefine the offense as something of less magnitude than a crime and redefining the offender as somebody who is not actually a child. For almost a century now, the American society has chosen to redefine an offense as something less than a crime (Siegel and Welsh p, 211). Hoge, Guerra and Boxer states that most juvenile offenses have for long time been treated as delinquent acts that need adjudication within a separate justice system for juveniles (p, 154). This system is designed in such a way as to recognize the exceptional needs as well as the immature condition of young persons and stresses more on rehabilitation over punishment. Steinberg asserts that the two guiding principles that have prevailed concerning young people are that: they have different competencies as compared to adults, which necessitates adjudication in a different type of system, and that they have different potential for change and therefore qualify for a second chance as well as an attempt at rehabilitation (para, 4). The operations of juvenile courts are carried out under the presumptions that offenders are immature meaning that their development is incomplete, their judgment is immature, and their character is still undergoing development. However, in the recent past as Steinberg states, there has been a tremendous shift concerning the way crimes committed by juveniles are treated by policymakers as well as the general public (para, 6). This shift has resulted in great changes concerning policies that deal with the way juvenile offenders are treated. Gale argues that instead of choosing to defend offences committed by young people as delinquent, the society has opted to redefine them as adults and transfer them to the criminal justice system that deals with adult crime (p, 76). Some proponents in society have come to agree that there are those young offenders who should be transferred to the adult criminal justice system due to the fact that they pose a serious threat to the safety of the society where other juveniles live (Siegel and Welsh, p. 214). Proponents, as Hoge, Guerra and Boxer illustrates, argue that the magnitude of the offense committed by these youth deserves a relatively more harsh punishment (p. 174). They also argue that the history of repeated offenses do not augur well for definitive rehabilitation of juvenile offenders. This however, does not describe the large number of young people who are currently being put on trial in the adult criminal justice system. Steinberg argues that majority of these have been charged with crimes that are not as violent to merit such a harsh punishment (para, 7). When this transfer of juvenile offenders to adult system begins to become a rule instead of an exception, it characterizes a primary challenge to the very ground that the juvenile system was anchored in- that young people are different from adults. Debates concerning transfer policies can be viewed from different angles. Developmental psychologists would ask whether the differences drawn between people of various ages under the law are rational in light of what is known concerning age variation in different aspects of social, emotional, and intellectual functioning (Hoge, Guerra and Boxer, p. 79). One major issue based on developmental psychology that emerges is about the creation of a boundary between young people and adults in matters of criminal justice. Developmental psychology seeks to identify the scientific reasons that justify the separate treatment of adults and young people within the criminal justice system, especially with reference to the age bracket, 12-17 years, highly under political analysis currently (Steinberg para, 9). First and foremost, this age bracket is an intrinsically intermediary phase. It involves swift as well as dramatic changes in individual’s social, intellectual, physical, and emotional capacities. It is a phase where a line concerning competence and incompetence of individuals can be drawn. Secondly, teenage years are a period of potential flexibility (Gale p, 98). Young people are heavily influenced by experiences in school, at home, as well as other social settings. To the level that flexibility is possible, transfer of young people into a criminal justice system that rules out a rehabilitative response may be an unrealistic public opinion (Siegel and Welsh, p. 11). Adolescence is a decisive phase through which numerous developmental trajectories are firmly set up and increasingly hard to change. Numerous experiences that adolescents go through have devastating cumulative impacts. Irrational decisions and poorly formulated policies relating to young offenders may have unpredictable harmful outcomes (Gale, p. 104). According to Steinberg, mitigating factors such as mental illness, emotional stress and self defense should be critically evaluated when trying a young person (para, 14). A punishment that is fair to an adult may be unfair to a young person who was not aware of the penalties of his/her actions. It would therefore be unethical to give life sentences to juvenile offenders. The way laws are interpreted and applied should vary when dealing with a case in which a defendant understanding of the law is limited by intellectual and emotional immaturity. The repercussions of administering long and severe punishment are very different when the offender is a young person as compared to when he/she is an adult (Steinberg, para. 17).